These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Lastly, the 15th Amendment, After the Civil War, much of the South lay in ruins. After the war, he contacted his formerly enslaved laborer Jourdon Anderson, offering him a job opportunity. But there were limits to this new broader Her name can be seen at the top of this petition to extend suffrage to all regardless of sex, which was present to Congress on January 29, 1866. 9 Which statement best The Ku Klux Klan emerged in the late 1860s as the most infamous of these groups. After all, it is much easier to hate people whom you do not interact with. They actively sought industrial development, northern investment, and internal improvements. Although it established national citizenship for all persons born or naturalized in the United States, the amendment also introduced the word male into the Constitution for the first time. back to its former owners. Explain what the Freedmens Bureau did to change the lives of former slaves in the 1860s, According to the Freedman Burea bill, they were to provide "provisions, clothing, and fuelfor the immediate and temporary shelter and supply of destitute and suffering refugees and freedmen and their wives and children". This scene is contrasted to the bottom right where General Philips Sheridan bows to Louisiana Attorney General Andrew Herron in 1866, implying a defeat forReconstruction. The Depression of 1873 crushed the nations already suffering laboring class and destroyed whatever remaining idealism northerners had about Reconstruction. Under these new terms, states would have to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, write new constitutions enfranchising African Americans, and abolish repressive Black Codes before rejoining the union. For decades, most Southern Blacks remained propertyless and poor. White southerners demanded that African American women work in the plantation home and instituted apprenticeship systems to place African American children in unpaid labor positions. At the federal level, Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce were chosen as U.S. senators from Mississippi. didn't have much of an impact in the short term, these Scandals sapped trust in the Grant Administration. right to vote in 1870. Black peoples desires to marry fit the governments goal to make free Black men responsible for their own households and to prevent Black women and children from becoming dependent on the government. There is no law for the punishment of them who do deeds of this sort. The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, led to a huge increase in All such groups were part of a web of terror that spread throughout the South during Reconstruction. Why did reconstruction come to an end in 1877? Reconstruction ended in 1877 because of an event known as the Great Betrayal, wherein the government pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era. What happened after the end of Reconstruction? Another aspect of the pursuit of freedom was the reconstitution of families. How did the South use its resources to develop manufacturing? Southern women celebrated the return of their brothers, husbands, and sons, but couples separated for many years struggled to adjust. Wartime labor shortages promoted the use of mechanical reapers, reducing demand for labor, boosting farm yields, and sowing the seeds of inequality. The first document includes Frances Thompson and Lucy Smiths testimony about their assault, rape, and robbery in 1866. Sharecroppers were farmers who rented land and paid a share of each year's crop as rent; they did not own the Which statement best explains why Reconstruction ended? Reconstruction policies were no longer needed when the Southern states rejoined the Union. African Americans prospered financially. Reconstruction was intended to be a short-term event that would end in 10 years. Enforcement of Reconstruction Acts decreased because of political compromise. The political and social consequences of the violence were as lasting as the physical and mental trauma suffered by victims and witnesses. 15 of January 1865, which set aside a large swath of land along the coast of South Carolina and Georgia for the exclusive settlement of Black families, and by the Freedmens Bureau Act of March, which authorized the bureau to rent or sell land in its possession to former slaves. Direct link to Goodbad's post When showing the amendmen, Posted 2 years ago. How old did the males have to be to join the militia? While public schools were virtually nonexistent in the antebellum period, by the end of Reconstruction, every southern state had established a public school system.10 Republican officials opened state institutions like mental asylums, hospitals, orphanages, and prisons to white and Black residents, though often on a segregated basis. Womens rights leaders vigorously protested the Fourteenth Amendment. Before the Civil War, Explain. From the beginning of Reconstruction, Black conventions and newspapers throughout the South had called for the extension of full civil and political rights to African Americans. In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Court ruled in favor of a Louisiana law requiring segregated railroad cars. Numerous Republican politicians, perhaps dozens, were killed, either while in office or while campaigning. These states had required everyone to pay a poll tax to vote. Reconstruction The national debate over Reconstruction began during the Civil War. States grappled with the challenges of reintegrating into the Union the states that had Moving into political office was a natural continuation of the leadership roles they had held in their former communities. National attention shifted away from the South and the activities of the Klan, but African Americans remained trapped in a world of white supremacy that restricted their economic, social, and political rights. Americans could go and what they could do. In fact, facilities for African Americans were rarely equal. Former slaves of every age took advantage of the opportunity to become literate. Nonetheless, the political revolution of Reconstruction spawned increasingly violent opposition from white Southerners. The Klans reputation became so potent, and its violence so widespread, that many groups not formally associated with it were called Ku Kluxers, and to Ku Klux meant to commit vigilante violence. It passes my comprehension to tell what became of our railroads, one South Carolinian told a northern reporter. Nightriders harassed and killed Black candidates and officeholders and frightened voters away from the polls. The years between 1865 and 1877 form the period in American history known as Reconstructionreconstruction, in this case, meaning the rebuilding of the federal Union which had been disrupted by the attempt of eleven Southern states to secede from that Union in order to protect legalized slavery. expected to find in the box labeled Freedom was very different from what their former The end of Reconstruction was a staggered process, and the period of Republican control ended at different times in different states. This "separate but equal" rule was in effect until the 1950s. Table.This table shows the military districts of the seceded states of the South, the date the state was readmitted into the Union, and the date when conservatives recaptured the state house. Between Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. In the fall 1866 congressional elections, Northern voters overwhelmingly repudiated Johnsons policies. General Benjamin Butler is at the bottom left, accepting the Confederate surrender of New Orleans in 1862. The changes that might have come when representation in Congress switched from mostly Republican in 1872 to mostly Democrat in 1876. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". WebThe most significant enduring legacy of Reconstruction was the: creation of true social equality in the South. These laws didn't change much; after all, slavery was undisputably outlawed. white landowner's farm in exchange for part of the crop yield. He had been arrested for sitting in a coach marked "for whites only." Composed of those who had been free before the Civil War plus slave ministers, artisans, and Civil War veterans, the Black political leadership pressed for the elimination of the racial caste system and the economic uplifting of the former slaves. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the great womens rights and abolition activist, was one of the strongest forces in the universal suffrage movement. What happened in the South after the Reconstruction era ended? When Congress assembled in December 1865, Radical Republicans such as Rep. Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania and Sen. Charles Sumner from Massachusetts called for the establishment of new Southern governments based on equality before the law and universal male suffrage. What proposal did Hayes make to the Democrats in order to end their opposition? Compromise of 1877: The End of Reconstruction Within two months, however, Hayes had ordered federal troops from their posts guarding Louisiana and South Carolina statehouses, allowing Democrats to seize control in both those states. African Americans served at every level of government during Reconstruction. physical and economic freedom change after the 13th But white conservatives chafed at the influx of Black residents and the establishment of biracial politics. The second large group, scalawags, or native-born white Republicans, included some businessmen and planters, but most were nonslaveholding small farmers from the Southern up-country. None of this is to suggest that the Norths superior ability to supply its war machine made the outcome of the war inevitable. They couldn't force labor in the way they were previously able to. P. B. S. Pinchback served as Louisianas governor for thirty-four days after the previous governor was suspended during impeachment proceedings and was the only African American state governor until Virginia elected L. Douglas Wilder in 1989. They developed anti-racist politics and organizational skills through antislavery organizations turned church associations. Freedmen discuss post-emancipation life with General Sherman, 1865, Reconstruction began before the War ended. The reason why Southern Democrats implemented Jim Crow laws(which were not just about segregation) was that they wanted to dilute the political, social and economic power of the sizable black population in the South. Many freedpeople immediately left plantations in search of family members who had been sold away. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. . No; people in the South primarily voted one wayDemocraticand people in the North and West primarily voted a different wayRepublican. How would they rebuild their governments, economies, and social systems? Black representatives repeatedly articulated this concern in state constitutional conventions early in the Reconstruction era. The following is Jourdon Andersons reply. Planters broke up large farms into smaller plots tended by single families in exchange for a portion of the crop, a system called sharecropping. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. work under an overseer. order for the South. As the war dragged on, inflation also hit the North. For all of their differences, white and Black southern women faced a similar challenge during Reconstruction. African American women combated these attempts by refusing to work at jobs without fair pay or fair conditions and by clinging tightly to their children. Enslavement by private citizens was illegal after the 13th amendment. The KKK brought violence into the voting polls, the workplace, and as seen in this Harpers Weekly print the homes of Black Americans. Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.

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