Starnes B W, Beekley A C, Sebesta J A.et al Extremity vascular injuries on the battlefield: tips for surgeons deploying to war. All of the statements are incorrect regarding syringe venipuncture EXCEPT: a syringe is used for veins that collapse easily 4. If bullets or knives penetrate an arm or leg . 18 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 10 10 Total 95 Mine rescue training in the United States was Tube holders be sanitized soon after the needle is removed. Do not place too tightly or leave on more than 2 minutes (and no more than a minute to avoid increasing risk for hemoconcentration). . 25. Exposure of the blood to contaminants is avoided. What is an appropriate com 11. Carryover of this additive is unlikely to affect a partial thromboplastin time: This antiseptic has been traditionally used to obtain the high degree of skin antisepsis required when blood cultures are being collected: Which of the following is the preferred solution to use to clean up blood spills? "Designed to be used in combination with the fifth edition of the 'Phlebotomy essentials' textbook as a valuable learning resource that will help the student master the principles of phlebotomy by reinforcing key concepts and procedures 1.Set up-Vacutainer system, alcohol, gauze, bandage, tourniquet, gloves, sanitizer, sharps 2.Arm prep-locate vein, tourniquet, close hand, disinfect, let dry 3.Specimen collection-anchor vein, bevel up, quick insert, fill, release, and tilt tubes 4.Arm care-release tourniquet and fist . Ensure the environment is well Pressure should be applied as the needle is removed from the skin. An ETS holder and a syringe transfer device look very similar. Wear a barrier hand cream or . For example, if the injury is below the knee or elbow, you will need to tie the tourniquet above the joint. Insert the needle at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees. Crime in England and Wales 2005/06. spurting or pulsating blood a deep or large wound multiple sources of bleeding or wounds lost consciousness while bleeding Avoid using tourniquets, or use them with caution, if the person has: a. Are you ready to move out and live in the real world without the help of your parents? 8 Insecure or granny knot . Consider that a tourniquet, once applied, needs to be removed at some point. (4) Twist the stick until the tourniquet is tight around the limb and/or the bright red bleeding has stopped. Which type of test is most affected by tissue thromboplastin contamination? If the bleeding does not slow or stop when pressure is put on it, you will need to find (or fasten) a tourniquet. Local hypothermia to prolong safe tourniquet time. Tourniquet improperly applied fracture of base of skull . Phlebotomy Essentials, Chapter 07 Flashcards | Quizlet Irving G A, Noakes T D. The protective role of local hypothermia in tourniquetinduced ischaemia of muscle. What is the fewest number of tubes needed to collect a CBC and protime when using a butterfly on a patient who is a difficult draw? Bellamy R F. Combat trauma overview. (Also, your indentation is wrong, and there is no such thing as end in python. This tube stopper color indicates that the tube contains EDTA: What anticoagulant is contained in a plasma separator tube (PST). Glass particles present in serum separator tubes: Which is the best tube for collecting an ETOH (ethanol) specimen? The other mistake is the incorrect use of a tourniquet. While collecting a stat blood culture and electrolytes on a child in the emergency room, the phlebotomist was asked by the physician to get an extra tube of blood to check for metal poisoning. TRUE: Term. Swanson A B, Livengood L C, Sattel A B. . 6 Common Myths of Tourniquets DEBUNKED! - Safeguard After its removal, you must wait 5 minutes before reapplying it. Gauge of needle used primarily for infant or child veins. A properly applied tourniquet should: restrict venous and . Incorrect blood/anticoagulant ratio The amount of additive placed in a tube is intended for a certain volume of blood. Pathology residents and fellows of transfusion medicine will find this book useful as a preparation tool for their exams. The chosen vein should be large, visible, straight and clear. 2 Failure of captain to command properly 3 Slowness in work and lack of attention . I do believe that statement is not incorrect as often people try to put tourniquets on wounds that . What is the fewest number of tubes needed to collect a CBC and protime when using a butterfly on a patient who is a difficult draw? Then, you can start tending to the injured person. No. If hands are heavily contaminated with organic material and a sink is not available, the phlebotomist should clean them with? Minimize time spent on lecture and group discussion to allow as much time as possible for hands-on training, individual practice and competency checks. Champion H R, Bellamy R F, Roberts P.et al A profile of combat injury. [PubMed] [Google Scholar], 17. If an injury requires a tourniquet, it's serious and the blood flow can be life-threatening in as little as 3 to 4 minutes. They will briefly apply it to your upper arm (only a few seconds) to help locate the vein they will use to take the blood. Gauge of needle used primarily for infant or child veins: Definition. Which three test most likely had questionable results and needed to redrawn? Hodgetts T J, Mahoney P F, Russell M Q.et al ABC to ABC: redefining the military trauma paradigm. A trace elements specimen tube should be collected: A pink-top tube containing EDTA is primarily used for: Identify the tubes needed to collect a PT, STAT, Lytes, and BC in the proper order of collection: Which one of the following tubes is additive-free. No tube was drawn to remove air in the butterfly tubing. opposite arm, then blood should be drawn from BELOW (distal to) the IV. In general, an anticoagulant . Date lab test that was ordered is documented by the nurse. Position the patient's arm downwards. [PubMed] [Google Scholar], 18. Found inside Page 217And finally, wider tourniquets may simply not fit properly on shorter or amputated limbs. Wolff L, Adkins T. Tourniquet problems in war injuries. A tourniquet should never be loosened or removed by anyone other than a healthcare provider in the emergency department. Some articles support the use of improvised TQs, when they are properly applied.4,5 Though, other data suggest that improvised TQs are not nearly effective as commercially available TQs.4,6 This may be for any number of reasons. Found inside Page 159If bleeding is still not controlled, a second tourniquet can be applied.8 Frequent reassessment is indicated as the for this purpose.17 Inflation should take place over a short period of time, as slow inflation rates or incorrect a temporary increase in the concentration of red blood cells, white blood cells, potassium, and other analytes, frequently caused by excess tourniquet time. 2016. Which of the following tests could be affected by carryover from an EDTA tube? Tubes designed by the manufacturer to be "short draw" are: All of the following: Anticoagulants, Clot activators, Separator gels. In a successful venipuncture, evacuated tubes fill automatically as soon as the stopper is pierced because of what? Why or why not? National statistics are hard to come by, but healthcare facilities in the state of . SST-Silica (glass); Celite (inert clay); Thrombin; Physical barrier. If phlebotomists have dermatitis, they should: A. Gentle palpation is the best method of identifying a vein and checking its patency. incorrectly loss of limb will result . On the other hand , the incorrect application of constriction - bands and tourniquets , particularly in Southeast Asia , makes it difficult to As he collected the tests in the following order-CBC, K, & finally the PT & PTT-he was careful to invert the tubes as required. test 3. Choose the most appropriate arm for insertion and apply a tourniquet. Place your tourniquet around the injured limb, between the open wound and the heart (or proximal to the wound) the purpose is to cut off the strong blood flow within arteries leaving the heart, not the more superficial veins returning blood back to the heart. A properly applied tourniquet should Restrict venous and arterial blood flow This needle gauge is used for autologous blood collection 15 to 17 Needle safety features work by All of the above OSHA regulations require that after use Tube holders with needle attached be disposed of as unit Which of the following is a disinfectant? Found inside Page 523Ensure that only properly trained staff perform venepuncture or that those who are training are supervised. Which one of the following statements gives a proper rule for tightening a tourniquet? Which of the following stopper colors identifies a tube used for coagulation testing? [PubMed] [Google Scholar], 24. Amputation is more often required as a result of the injury itself, not because of the tourniquet. Textbook of military medicine part IV: surgical combat casualty care. Categories . Apply the tourniquet 1 to 2 inches above the intended venipuncture site. [PubMed] [Google Scholar], 9. Revell M, Porter K, Greaves I. Fluid Resuscitation in prehospital trauma care: a consensus view. Tourniquets can also be used to "cut off" the blood supply to a limb in an emergency to prevent an injured person from losing too much blood. Mil Med 2000165379384. The book is well illustrated, providing step-by-step instructions for obtaining blood by venipuncture and skin puncture from adult and pediatric patients. Tourniquets Atourniquet is a constricting band that is used to cut off the supply of blood to an injured limb. This needle gauge is used for autologous blood collection. The science does not specify an ideal width. Properly applied tourniquets should do all of the following EXCEPT: a. Distend or inflate the veins of choice . C. Wash their hands thoroughly and often. Correct procedure is to disengage the fasteners and reapply the cuff. Free Phlebotomy Flashcards about phlebotomytest 3 - StudyStack Put on gloves. observed that he has endeavoured to the tourniquet afterwards , preparatory to applying a to have been wounded . Pull, don't push. Place the tourniquet between the injured vessel and the heart, about 2 inches from the closest wound edge. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar], 14. Which of the following items is unnecessary when performing a routine venipuncture? That's how long it will take blood to clot and bleeding to stop. into sharps container immediately following venipuncture. Some guidelines suggest removing the tourniquet as soon as blood flow is established. A tourniquet should be loose enough so that you can slip two fingers under the tourniquet band. Here are three top tips for effective hands-on tourniquet training. Some guidelines suggest removing the tourniquet as soon as blood flow is established. d. The tourniquet must be tight enough to control bleeding so it will be painful for the patient. . A 100-W100\text{-W}100-W heater is designed to operate with an applied voltage of 120V120 \text{~V}120V. (c)(c)(c) Using the Part (b)(b)(b) result, find the approximate power delivered to the heater if the potential difference is decreased to 115V115 \text{~V}115V. Compare your result to the exact answer. Twist the windlass to increase the pressure. For example, pens or pencils, sticks, or spoons can be used as a windlass. If hands are heavily contaminated with organic material and a sink is not available, the phlebotomist should clean them with? Mark a "T" with the date and time on the person's forehead or another easy-to-see place. Clerical errors can prove fatal. Alcohol-based hand cleaner and sterile gauze pads. Note the time - as best you can - of when the tourniquet was applied, some tourniquets . What additive can be found in a royal blue-stopped collection tube? [Google Scholar], 22. Needle = 1/2 - 3/4 inch Due to premature depletion of the tube vacuum when a vein is missed. [PubMed] [Google Scholar], 23. Choose the most appropriate arm for insertion and apply a tourniquet. There is a permanently attached needle with a sleeve inside the transfer device. This test is collected in a . Before you apply a tourniquet, you need to figure out where the bleeding is coming from. Our study offers important insights into why some laypeople fail to properly apply a tourniquet. B) Both statements are false. Slowness in work . A properly applied tourniquet should: This needle gauge is used primarily for infant or child veins, and difficult or hard veins of adults: Tubes designed by the manufacturer to be "short draw" are: We all are striving to own our own home. The tourniquet should be applied just above the injury. If you are a first responder or emergency medical professional, you'll have access to a commercial tourniquet. Failure to he antiseptic Incorrect treatment 11 . b. [PubMed] [Google Scholar], 3. It's very important that first responders and medical staff who treat the injury know when you applied the tourniquet. While they can save a limbor a lifeit can be hard to know when to use a tourniquet (and when not to). Wakai A, Winter D C, Street J T.et al Pneumatic tourniquets in extremity surgery. Multi-sample needles are typically available in these gauges: The slanted tip of a needle is called the: The purpose of the rubber sleeve that covers the tube end of a multiple-sample needle is to: Prevent leakage of blood during tube changes. Tourniquets cannot be applied for longer than two hours. Explain. A tourniquet must always be applied above the wound (i.e., toward the trunk), and it must be applied as close to the wound as practical. By Test your knowledge with these ten questions about Firewise practices around your home! Which statement is incorrect? Why would you suspect that the PT test results might be incorrect and the platelet count unaffected? 1) After removal of the tourniquet, central venous and arterial pressures decrease for upwards of 15 min as a result of a shift of blood volume back into the limb. The cleaning agent in hand sanitizers used in healthcare is? Which department would most likely perform the test on a specimen collected in an SPS tube? (e.g. Phlebotomy equipment can be organized in all the following except: A. infant cradle pads B.trays C. drawing station D.Mobile workstations. Figure 2: Proper, snug application of a tourniquet cuff. Which statement about tourniquet application is correct? During venipuncture the tourniquet should not be left on longer than: This test is collected in a tube with a light-blue top: Which of the following STAT tests is typically collected in a lithium heparin tube? Kelly C, Creagh T, Grace P A.et al Regional hypothermia protects against tourniquet neuropathy. This makes it easier for the surgeons to see what they're doing since there isn't as much blood in the way. . Figure 4-28 shows the proper steps in applying a tourniquet. Which statement is incorrect? A tube with a royal-blue top with lavender color coding on the label contains: It's important to fill oxalate tubes to the stated fill capacity because excess oxalate: Which of the following substances is contained in a serum separator tube? Ideally, tourniquets should only be used by first responders who are trained in emergency first aid. Australian Whistleblower, Underfilled additive tube will have incorrect blood to additive ratio: Definition. PST=Heparin + T. Gel By properly applying it it in the correct location, a belt is a very effective method. Blackwood M. Treatment of wounds from fire trench to field ambulance 1916. Lakstein D, Blumenfield A, Sokolov T.et al Tourniquets for hemorrhage control on the battlefield: a 4 year accumulated experience. 9. Which of the following statements about anaphylaxis is true Which of the following statements is incorrect? Hodgetts T, Mahoney P, Evans G.et alBattlefield advanced trauma life support, 3rd ed. What Is Your Future Home Going To Look Like? J Trauma 20066010611071. Found inside Page 524All events shall commence and be finished at the sounding of a gong , or other audible signal . 21. J Trauma 200354(5 Suppl)S219S220. Term. Tactical tourniquet use - Part two - Police1 If hands are heavily contaminated with organic material and a sink is not available, the phlebotomist should clean them with: detergent containing wipes followed by a sanitizer: The purpose of a transillumination device is to : locate veins for venipuncture: Which statemnet is incorrect. When applied for a longer time, tourniquets can cause permanent damage to muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. He collected the tubes from the client, who was lying on the sofa with her arm elevated above her shoulder on a table next to the sofa. Casual Approach Synonym, The new WHO guidelines provide recommended steps for safe phlebotomy and reiterate accepted principles for drawing, collecting blood and transporting blood to laboratories/blood banks. Found inside Page 107 Tight , loose , or iin properly applied bandages . Dengan spesifikasi yang lumayan mumpuni 5 Tips Mengatasi Bau Kolam Lele Budidaya lele merupakan salah satu budidaya yang diminati banyak orang. The patient should make a fist without pumping the hand. A makeshift tourniquet needs two parts: a triangular bandage and something that you can use as a windlass rod (for example, a pen or a stick). This video has been medically reviewed by Anju Goel, MD, MPH. The tourniquet should be removed and then the needle. incorrectly loss of limb will result . 13 Assistance lent by patient .. 14 Tourniquet improperly applied . In an emergency, you may not have enough help or resources, and you will likely face many distractions. A prothrombin time (PT) & platelet count are ordered on an 80-year-old female patient. Which statement is incorrect? Proper use of tourniquets has become a core component of the military's Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) and Combat Life Saver (CLS) courses, which are given to most soldiers and Marines deployed to combat zones. the venipuncture should be performed distal to (below) the hematoma. Location: American College of Surgeons, Chicago, USA, 2004, 8. the breaking up of red blood cells due to excessive probing or pulling on a syringe plunger. A home care phlebotomist had a requisition to collect a complete blood count (CBC), plasma K, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and prothrombin time (PT). The tourniquet should be left on for no longer than two minutes. Which department would most likely perform the test on a specimen collected in an SPS tube? Discuss how to properly apply a tourniquet and associated problems with incorrect use 12. Remember: The best way to avoid making mistakes when using a tourniquet is to be informed about when and how to use one correctly. 7. The goal of applying a tourniquet is to restrict blood flow to the injured limb and prevent life-threatening blood loss. 1. Calkins D, Snow C, Costello M.et al Evaluation of possible battlefield tourniquet systems for the farforward setting. Casualties who are alert and can swallow should not be allowed to take fluids by mouth. You will learn the right way to apply a tourniquet as well as the risks of tourniquet use. When a traumatic injury on an arm or leg leads to rapid blood loss, a properly applied tourniquet is the most important piece of equipment you can have.. Where should you apply a tourniquet? Gloves cause pathogens to multiply on the surface of the skin. Research has shown that improvised tourniquets are effective up to 60% of the time. The blood-to-additive ratio is most critical for a specimen collected in what tube? PDF by Louis Alarcon, MD, FACS, FCCM rounds - UPMC In those days, before the advent of modern instruments, what was the basis on which one could claim that a substance was an element? A tube with this stopper color could contain either of two different forms of an anticoagulant salt? The Anti-necrosis tourniquet device patent was filed with the USPTO on Tuesday, July 7, 2015. Solved 11. Discuss how to properly apply a tourniquet and - Chegg Eur J Vasc Surg 19926288292. Which statement is incorrect? After six hours, the damage to the muscle tissue can be bad enough that it's necessary to amputate the affected limb. Wencke J C, Walters T J, Greydanus D J.et al Physiological evaluation of the U.S. Army onehanded tourniquet. The tourniquet should be released: as soon as blood flow is established, before needle removal from the arm, within 1 minute of its application. They're also better suited to minimizing risk when they're used. Found inside Page 5Tourniquet improperly applied Failure to stop bleeding Not treating shock . A consistent amount of airspace left when a tube is filled properly. Then, each student practiced applying the tourniquet on the simulated leg. Answer. For all the biology lovers out there who enjoy finding out about how stuff in the body works, then this is the quiz for you. Walters T J, Wenke J C, Kauvar D S.et al Effectiveness of selfapplied tourniquets in human volunteers. Incorrect timing of artificial respiration .. long , bleeding moderately ; wound on inner 17. Pull the "tail" strap of the tourniquet tight and twist the windlass until the bleeding stops. Leaving on too long: A tourniquet should not be left for longer than two hours. It's not ideal to use a belt as a tourniquet. Tubes designed by the manufacturer to be "short draw" are: All of the following: Anticoagulants, Clot activators, Separator gels. Which blood specimen additive can inhibit the metabolism of glucose by the Cell's, Which of the following items is unnecessary when performing a routine venipuncture, A serum specimen is requested which of the following evacuated tubes can be used to collect it, Which of the following are all anticoagulants that remove calcium from the specimen by forming insoluble calcium salts and therefore prevent coagulation, In a successful venipuncture evacuated tubes Fill automatically as soon as the tube stopper is pierced because of, Lavender stop her tubes are most commonly used to collect, Which of the following is one reason the evacuated tube system ETS is the preferred blood collection system, Exposure of the blood to contaminants is avoided, Lithium heparin is a suitable anticoagulant for which of the following tests, Which one of the following additives can be found in a royal blue top collection tube, Measurement of copper a trace element requires blood collection in a tube with a, The blood to additive ratio is most critical for a specimen collected in this tube, If phlebotomists have dermatitis they should, Decontamination of hands after glove removal is essential because, Hand contamination might not be visible to the naked eye, Which disinfectant is preferred by the HICPAC for use on surfaces in instruments, EPA registered sodium hypochlorite products, After a blood spill a disinfectant is applied and must have at least __________ minutes of contact time for cleanup to be effective, If hands are heavily contaminated with organic material and the sink is not available the phlebotomist should clean them with, Detergent containing wipes followed by a sanitizer, The purpose of a transillumination Device is to, Which statement is incorrect a properly applied tourniquet should, This needle gauge is used for autologous blood collection, Covering or shielding the needle retracting the needle after use using a device to blunt the needle all of the above, Tube holder's with needle attached be disposed of as a unit, A consistent amount of air space left when a tube is filled properly, Tubes designed by the manufacture to be short draw are, Anticoagulants clot activators separator gels all of the above, Plastic red top tubes used to collect blood specimens contain, Improper handling or storage or of evacuated tubes can affect, Additive integrity shape of the tube vacuum of a tube all of the above, This would be the best tube for collecting a stat test that must be performed on serum, Which additive is used to collect donor units of blood, A specimen collected in this type of additive will separate if allowed to stand, What is the advantage of collecting stat chemistries in a green top tube, Plasma specimens can be centrifuge right away the turnaround time for results is much shorter whole blood tests can be performed right away all of the above, This anti-septic has been traditionally used to obtain the high degree of skin and Antisepsis required when collecting blood cultures, Which of the following is the preferred solution to use to clean up blood spills, A solution used to clean the site before routine venipuncture is, Why are gauze pads a better choice than cotton balls for covering this site and holding pressure following venipuncture, CLSI standards advise against using these on infants and children younger than two years of age, Which of the following should be deleted from the list of required characteristic of a sharps container, Wearing gloves during phlebotomy procedures is mandated by the following agency, What Criterion is used to decide which needle gauge to use for venipuncture, To what does the gauge of a needle relate, Which needle gauge has the largest bore or lumen, Multi sample needles are typically available in these gauges, The slanted tip of the needle is called the, The purpose of the rubber sleeve that covers the tube end of the multiple sample needle is to, Prevent leakage of blood during tube changes, A phlebotomy needle that does not have a safety feature, Must be used with a holder that has a safety feature, Which of the following plays no role in deciding what size tubes to use for ETS blood collection, Which of the following stopper colors identifies a tube used for coagulation testing, Which of the following tubes will yield a serum sample, The cleaning agent in hand sanitizers used in healthcare is, Which of the following tube stopper colors indicates something other than the presence or absence and type of additive in the tube, Which department would most likely perform the test on a specimen collected in an SPS tube, A royal blue top tube with green color coding on the label contains, Which one of the following substances is an anticoagulant, It is important to fill Oxalate tubes to the stated fill capacity because excess oxalate, Which of the following substances is contained in a serum separator tube, What is the purpose of an antiglycolytic agent, Glass particles prevent in serum separator tubes, Which is the best tube for collecting an ETOH ethinyl specimen, Identify the tubes needed to collect a CBC PTT and stat potassium by color and in the proper order of collection for a multiple tube draw, During venipuncture The tourniquet should not be left on longer than, Which one of the following tubes is filled first when multiple tubes are filled from a syringe, This test is collected in a light blue top tube, Which of the following stat tests is typically collected in a lithium heparin tube, This tube stopper color indicates that the tube contains EDTA, The purpose of sodium citrate in specimen collection is to, The part of a syringe that shows measurements in cc or ML is called the, This part of the vacuum tube holder is meant to aid in smooth tube removal, The best choice of equipment for drawing difficult veins is a, Mixing equipment from different manufacturers can result in, You are most likely to increase the chance of hemolyzing a specimen if you use a, 25 gauge butterfly needle to collect a specimen from a small child, The purpose of a tourniquet in the venipuncture procedure is to, Enlarge veins so they are easier to find and enter, If a blood pressure cuff is used for venipuncture in place of a tourniquet The pressure used must be, Create a barrier between a users hand and the needle after use, Which additive contains a substance that inhibits phagocytosis of bacteria by white blood cells, Which type of test can potentially be affected by tissue thromboplastin contamination, Which of the following tests would be most affected by carryover of K2EDTA, Carryover from this tube has a greater potential to negatively affect the specimen in the next two draw, A trace elements specimen tube should be collected, A pink top tube containing EDTA is primarily used for, Identify the tubes needed to collect a PT stat lytes and BC in the proper order of collection, Which one of the following tubes is additive free, Which chemistry tube could contain either of two different forms of an anticoagulant because both have the same stopper color, Which additive can be found in four separate tubes with different stopper colors, Which stopper color is the same for two completely different types of additives used by two different departments, Due to allergenic reaction which type of glove is not recommended to be used in healthcare facilities, Which of the following additives is most commonly used for chemistry tests, An ETS holder and a syringe transfer device look very similar what is the difference between the two, There is a permanently attached needle with a sleeve inside the transfer device, A prothrombin time PT and platelet count are ordered on an 80-year-old female patient deciding to use a butterfly and short draw evacuated tubes on the tiny cephalic vein on the dorsal side of her right arm The phlebotomist collects one light blue top tube and then a lavender top why would you suspect that the PT test results might be incorrect and the platelet count unaffected, No tube was drawn to remove air in the butterfly tubing, A home care phlebotomist had a Requisition to collect a CBC plasma K PTT and PT he collected the tubes from the client who was lying on the sofa with her arm elevated above her shoulder on the table next to the sofa as he collected the tests in the following order CBC K and finally the PT and PTT he was careful to invert the tubes as specified later that day the lab called the phlebotomist to say that three of the tests would have to be redrawn which three test most likely had questionable results and needed to be redrawn, While collecting a stat blood culture And electrolytes on a child in the emergency room the physician asked the phlebotomist to get an extra tube of blood to check for Metal poisoning which one of the following tubes would the phlebotomist add to the ones already being collected, Which one of the following tubes /additives would be used to collect a DNA test, Electrolytes should never be collected in a, ORDER OF DRAW AND COMMON TEST (PHLEBOTOMY), Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins.

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