white lotus rebellion

White Lotus Rebellion - Wikiwand Unable to build up a support base, he was forced to quickly flee all three cities that he attacked in order to evade government troops. The Qing had forbidden agriculture in the northern regions, which were left to the Mongol pastoralists, but the introduction of new world crops such as potato and maize opened the northern region plains farming. White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 - globalsecurity.org The rebellion was ended by the deaths of some 100,000 rebels. When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus Read More Yuan dynasty In China: Foreign religions Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. ", Dai, Yingcong. Completely unprepared for such an onslaught, the Qing dynasty lost, and Britain imposed unequal treaties and took control of the Hong Kong region, along with millions of pounds of silver to compensate the British for the lost opium. Decline and Fall of China Yuan Dynasty The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 In the deeply forested border area between the provinces Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, a lot of homeless "floating" people (liumin ) had gathered to escape the grip of landowners, creditors and tax collectors. . The Qing state banned the religion, and it, The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (11271279). Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608. The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. READ: Economic and Material Causes of Revolt - Khan Academy Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/white-lotus-rebellion. Since the 1340s, the Mongol Yuan Dynasty was experiencing problems. Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than four thousand soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. In China, the Qing Dynasty had just put down the White Lotus Rebellion, a tax protest that ultimately killed about 16 million people a reminder that mass death and population growth don't . The White Lotus Rebellion was put down in 1805 as a combination of military and social policies. Talking about Yuan's decline and fall, you should learn something about White Lotus Society. Unable to build up a support base, he was forced to quickly flee all three cities that he attacked in order to evade government troops. The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. When the White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804) occurred, the dynasty was forced to turn to peasant soldiers to suppress the rebels in central and southern China, since the regular army lacked the necessary strength and morale. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. The dynasty had to resort to a strategy of removing all food supplies from the countryside and collecting the peasants into a series of armed stockades. These militia groups were later instrumental in defeating the Taiping rebellion. One such official was Huang Yupian (), who refuted the ideas which were found in the scriptures which expressed orthodox Confucian and Buddhist views in A Detailed Refutation of Heresy ( Pxi Xingbin), which was written in 1838. By 1387, after more than 30 years of war, their leader, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered the North China Plain and occupied the Yuan capital Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing). The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 In the densely forested border area between the provinces Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, a lot of homeless peasant refugees(liumin, see also shed people) had gathered to escape the grip of landowners, creditors and tax collectors. During much of that time, China was the single, undisputed superpower in East Asia, with neighboring lands such as Korea, Vietnam, and an often-reluctant Japan trailing in its cultural wake. }, Page last modified: As one Qing official complained: The rebels are all our own subjects. It broke out (1796) among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan prov. An independent military force, the militia proved difficult to disband, and frequently it turned against the dynasty in the early 20th century. The Tipng Rebellion (1850-1864), a large-scale uprising that started in southern China, marched within miles of the capital in 1853. White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. Although the rebellion was finally crushed by the Qing government in 1804, it marked a turning point in the history of the Qing dynasty. What started as a local rebellion grew into a serious political crisis, as the central government was no longer able to operate its military machine. id [2][3], The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. The elites' self-proclaimed position as outsiders contributed to their eventual demise. After the strnggle had lasted six years, Lin Chi-hich was captunredd. The Emperor Qianlong (Ch'ien-lung) (reigned 173599) sent Helin, brother to the infamously corrupt eunuch Heshen and Fukangan, related by marriage to the Emperor, to quell the uprising. [10], The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. One Qing response was to suppress the word "revolution" by banning it from their world-history textbooks. [6], The Qing commanders sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. List of rebellions in China | Military Wiki | Fandom Another major contributing factor to the downfall of the Qing dynasty was European imperialism and China's gross miscalculation of the power and ruthlessness of the British crown. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. The White Lotus continued to be active, and might have influence the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813.[6]. "[5] Social uprisings against the Qing began with the White Lotus uprising in 17961820. Instead, Britain began a lucrative, illicit trade in opium, traded from British imperial India into Canton, far from Beijing. - the imperial authorities suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion in 1805 using a combination of military and social policies. [6] The rebellion soon grew in numbers and power, and eventually became a serious concern for the oppressive Amarr empire . This page was last updated at 2022-12-21 05:40 UTC. [6] The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. White Lotus Rebellion | Infoplease - Fact Monster [8] The leader, herbalist and martial artist Wang Lun, led an uprising that captured three small cities and laid siege to the larger city of Linqing, a strategic location on the north-south Grand Canal transportation route. In the late 18th century, in response to famine, crowded conditions, and harassment from petty government officials, White Lotus leaders in central China began a rebellion; they promised their followers that there would be the return of the Buddha and the end of suffering. France seized Southeast Asia, creating its colony of French Indochina. Sun Yat-Sen emerged as China's first "professional" revolutionary, having gained an international reputation by being abducted by Qing agents in the Chinese Embassy in London in 1896. The grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. . - marked a turning point in the history of the Qing dynasty. Not until the Qianlong emperor died in 1799 was Heshen removed and the war really prosecuted. After both died in battle in 1796, the Qing government sent new officials, but none were successful. How did the Rebellion impact the Qing dynasty? "White Lotus Rebellion White Lotus Rebellion | Chinese history | Britannica It broke out in 1794, and was at full height in 1796, among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. Szczepanski, Kallie. In 1794, one instance of a derivative sect of the White Lotus, the Eight Trigrams arose in the form of underground meditation teachings and practice in Shandong province, not far from Beijing (Zhili) near the city of Linqing. The Qianlong Emperor (r. 173596) sent Helin (, brother of Heshen) and Fuk'anggan to quell the uprising. ", Dai, Yingcong. In 1794, a similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China, initially as a tax protest. The end of the White Lotus Rebellion in 1804 also brought an end to the myth of the military invincibility of the Manchus, contributing to the increasing frequency of rebellions in the 19th century. In 1794, a similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China, initially as a tax protest. At first the Ch'ing administration, under the control of Ho-shen, sent inadequate and inefficient imperial forces to suppress the ill-organized rebels. from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (1127-1279). It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion."[7]. Since then, this book has become an invaluable source because it has enabled scholars to understand the beliefs of these groups.

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